DISEASE CONTROL  AND  QUARANTINING

Preventing the  introduction of diseases onto your property should be a major concern of every goat raiser.   But while prevention should be your goal, in reality, control and management must  be  your real focus because no herd can ever be completely "disease free."

Diseases can enter your property  from many sources. Introducing new animals is the usual avenue, but not the only way.

1) Bringing new animals into the herd from offsite.

2) Offering stud service. This  involves bringing other goat raisers'  does onto the property for breeding service by an on-site buck or using someone else's  buck to breed your does.

3) Goat shows. A huge source of infection and illness, shows are like children's day-care centers -- incubators for disease.

4) Visitors. Infectious materials can enter on visitors' shoes, clothing, skin, and hair; on the tires of vehicles; in hay, water, tubs/buckets, feed and other  items.  Major source:  your VET.

5) Unclean conditions in pens and pastures.

6) Poor health management practices within the herd.

7) Your family members, livestock guardian animals, and pets.

8) Insects, birds, or animals (wild or domestic) that enter  from adjacent properties.

Quarantine new animals brought from outside your property in order to protect your goats from the bacteria,  viruses,  and other organisms that the new animals might be carrying. The reverse is just as true: newly-introduced goats need to be protected from organisms present on your property to which they've never had their immune systems  exposed. These goats are on a new property in a different environment and likely  in a much different climate from which they have been previously adapted to living. From the moment they left their previous homes, these  goats' immune systems were under assault.   See my article on Adaptability on the Articles page at www.tennesseemeatgoats.com.

Set up a pen and shelter sized to accommodate your anticipated needs and locate it away from  pens and pastures where healthy animals are regularly kept. The pens should be large enough to provide space for proper exercise and should have at least a three-sided shelter with roof to protect the new goats from bad weather  and an enclosed barn with heat in very cold climates.

Nearby but  not within this pen/shelter area, there should be several smaller gated pens and sheds where sick animals can be confined for observation and treatment.    Use Jeffers' AgPro Biosecurity Mat   with Trifectant Disinfectant Tablets  at the entrance to your property and your pens and require everyone entering and exiting to place the soles of their footwear onto the solution-soaked mat.     Everyone handling these goats should use disposable gloves.Quarantined and sick goats should be kept in these isolation pens.

Disposable shoe/boot covers are an alternative to the AgPro Biosecurity Mat and Trifectant tablets.  Jeffers   1-800-JEFFERS   carries all these products.

Goats new to your property  should be quarantined for a minimum of two weeks, during which time they should be dewormed and treated for coccidiosis  (after fecal counts have been done to establish their  worm and coccidia load),   vaccinated, udders and testicles examined, and hooves checked and trimmed.  Just because you have dewormed does not mean that it worked.   If blood testing for specific diseases is part of your management  program ,  do it while the goats are in quarantine.  Utilize the services of Bob Glass of Pan American Vet Lab in Texas.  512-964-2937.  If the tests come back positive and the new goats are already running with the main herd, exposure to disease has probably already happened.

Offering breeding services on your ranch is an avenue for infection. Before making a decision to offer such services,  read my Article entitled "Pros and Cons of Offering Breeding Services" on the Articles page at www.tennesseemeatgoats.com. Decisions must be made and agreements put into writing before the first goat is allowed to arrive on your property.  Don't do this on a handshake.

Participating in goat shows requires that you take extraordinary precautions  to protect both goats and human participants from exposure to  bacteria, viruses, and other contagious organisms. Consult an experienced goat-show participant  or a qualified goat veterinarian to find out what steps to take to protect you and your goats from bringing  "unwanted visitors" home with you.

Vaccinate your goats against  Overeating Disease, Tetanus and  Pneumonia  well in advance of transporting them.  Administering oxytetracycline 200 mg/ml injections (LA-200)  to reduce  transportation and show stress isn't going to prevent the contraction of diseases like soremouth, pinkeye, Johnes,  and Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis.  (I don't use the Soremouth vaccine for goats, as this live vaccine has effects that I think outweigh its positive attributes . See my article on Soremouth aka Orf on the Articles page at www.tennesseemeatgoats.com.)

Young goats are especially vulnerable because their immune systems are still immature. Sick goats should not attend shows or allowed to participate. If  you observe sick goats,  leave immediately. Don't unload your animals. The health of your herd  is  more important than a forfeited entry fee or a winning ribbon.

Visitors, relatives, children, pets, your helpers, VETS, and you can bring in infectious bacteria, viruses, and other organisms without  realizing it.     If you know that visitors or family members have had direct access to sick or "exposed" goats from outside the ranch, then those folks should be asked to change clothes and shoes before they enter your property. A visit to the 4H barn is a good source of contamination.

Dirty pens, feed troughs, and water containers are  sources of illness.     Worms and coccidia thrive in these environments. Birds, insects, and wild or domestic animals  are vectors of disease from goat to goat. Placentas  not properly  disposed of after birthing can be transmitters of abortion diseases.    Footrot  is highly infectious and contaminated ground quickly spreads it. Viral diseases such as Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis (CAE), Soremouth, and  Pinkeye are quickly passed around in overcrowded herds. Incurable Johnes Disease is transmitted via infected fecal material. Cutting open and cleaning out  an active Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) abscess (or any other type of abscess) and exposing the exudate (pus) to other goats and to the ground is one of the ways that abscesses are  spread throughout a herd. Reusing contaminated needles, syringes, and scalpels is another method of disease transmission.  Wood feed troughs and hay bunkers collect bacteria in the wood's grain; use plastic instead of wood whenever possible.

Raising quality goats is hard work.   Advance planning will cut down on the amount of work you face daily.

Suzanne W. Gasparotto, ONION CREEK RANCH, Briggs, Texas    11.1.22

The author, Suzanne Gasparotto, hereby grants to local goat publications and club newsletters, permission to reprint articles published on the Onion Creek Ranch website under these conditions: THE ARTICLE MUST BE REPRODUCED IN ITS ENTIRETY AND THE AUTHOR'S NAME, ADDRESS, AND CONTACT INFORMATION MUST BE INCLUDED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE REPRINT. We would appreciate notification from any clubs or publications when the articles are used. (A copy of the newsletter or publication would also be a welcome addition to our growing library of goat related information!)

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